The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant women eat fish up to two times per week. Fish is a great source of protein, it is a heart healthy fat for moms and may be important for baby’s brain development. Fish can be great sources of vitamin D and iron.
But can eating fish decrease your risk of a pre-term birth?
Possibly.
A recent study linked moderate fish consumption (2-3 times per week) with a significant decrease in the risk of pre-term birth in a population of women who were at increased risk for preterm birth (Obstet Gynecol 2011:117:1071-1077).
Researchers interviewed women who had previous pre-term births and asked about their fish consumption from the time of conception up to 16 weeks gestation. They then randomized this group of women to receive omega-3 supplements or a placebo.
The women who had regularly eaten fish were significantly less likely to deliver before 37 weeks gestation than women who routinely ate less fish or did not eat fish at all. This was true even after researchers adjusted for factors linked with preterm birth such as smoking, age, education, body mass index, race and ethnicity.
The probability of preterm birth decreased with increased fish consumption up to 2-3 times per week and then increased slightly in women who ate fish more than 3 times per week. Many doctors caution pregnant patients against eating too much fish or certain types of fish that are known to have higher levels of mercury.
The Omega-3 supplements (started around mid-pregnancy) did not make a significant difference in pre-term delivery rates.
There are many possible reasons why fish may have made a difference while supplements did not. Fish may have nutrients in addition to omega-3s that contribute to healthy pregnancy. Women who took the time to eat fish may have also eaten more vegetables, fruit, and whole grains and less fast food.
While it is possible that omega-3 supplements given earlier in pregnancy might have demonstrated some impact, the researchers clearly stated that their data indicate that omega-3 supplementation can not take the place of eating fish in regard to decreasing pre-term births.
A healthy diet, starting before or at conception, is an important part of a healthy pregnancy. While we encourage pregnant readers to discuss supplements with their doctors, supplements will never be a substitute for a healthy diet.
This section contains articles and guidance for healthy eating whether you are working on becoming pregnant, expecting or have a new baby. Articles cover information including what to eat, controlling nausea, breastfeeding and vitamins.